This guide includes:
- Elements of a School Threat Assessment Process
- The Cycle of Threat Assessment
- Threat Assessment Inquiry Steps
- Secret Service Eleven Key Questions
- Selected Threat Assessment Resources
Review of the Three Arapahoe High School Shooting 2013 Reports Facilitated by the Colorado School Safety Resource Center September 2016
On Tuesday, September 13, 2016, the interim legislative committee formed with the passage of SB15-214 (School Safety and Youth Mental Health in Crisis Interim Committee), met at the Capitol. The first item on the agenda was an overview of the report prepared by the working group that reviewed the recommendations of the three reports commissioned after the tragic Arapahoe High School shooting.
Excerpt of the Report
The working group reviewed 158 recommendations agreeing with 119 of them outright and agreeing with an additional 34 with modifications. Five of the recommendations were common to all three of the commissioned reports.
The five common recommendations were:
- Schools should utilize climate surveys.
- There should be written agreements between school districts and their local law enforcement agencies about information sharing.
- School staff should be versed in FERPA including the fact that FERPA does not prevent reporting on students about whom staff have safety concerns.
- Districts should utilize the 11 questions of the U.S. Secret Service in their threat assessment process.
- Schools are encouraged to use Safe2Tell
The five recommendations with which the working group disagreed were:
- Security directors should be in charge of SRO's - The working group realizes that law enforcement agencies will always have ultimate responsibility and oversight of SROs.
- Each at-risk student to be paired with an adult - Although the working group acknowledges this is best practice and schools are always encouraged to connect students with adults, there was fear of this becoming a legislative mandate that would be difficult to track for districts.
- CSSRC auditing districts' use of their threat assessment process - The Center is always available to assist and has been conducting consultations and trainings across the state on threat assessment. However, the Center is not a compliance agency and a change in mission would disrupt the collaborative relationship that is necessary to assist schools.
- CSSRC certifying school staff and law enforcement in threat assessment every three years - Again, the Center's role in statute is not as a regulatory agency nor does it have the resources to certify staff in over 1800 schools.
- Schools use of a continuous improvement model of error review committee - Schools are always encouraged to review their threat assessment procedures, but the recommendation as outlined in one of the reports seemed unrealistic given staff time and resources.
Additionally, of the 158 recommendations, the working group felt that schools would need resources for at least 139 of those suggestions. Rural schools would need considerable resources to fulfill the recommendations.
Please see the report for an explanation under each recommendation of the resources necessary. For some recommendations you will also find "suggested assistance" paragraphs identifying where no- or low- cost resources might be acquired.
The Center would like to thank the 34 members of the working group (found on page 41 of the report) for their incredible dedication to this effort. Many came on their summer break and traveled long distances to attend these meetings. This report would not have been possible without their commitment to the safety of Colorado students. Thank you!
For additional comments or questions about the report, please contact Christine Harms, Director - Colorado School Safety Resource Center directly at 303.239.4534 or christine.harms@state.co.us
Protection Materials
- Editable Microsoft Word version (Created by CSSRC)
- PDF Version (Created by CSSRC)
The Colorado School Emergency Operations Plan Exercise Toolkit was produced in a cooperative effort by the Governor's Office of Homeland Security, Colorado Division of Emergency Management (Department of Local Affairs) and CSSRC (Colorado Department of Public Safety). It has been developed in a cooperative effort by a subcommittee of the Emergency Planning & Response Working Group established by the Colorado School Safety Resource Center (CSSRC).
This Toolkit provides schools and school districts a tool for a discussion-based (tabletop) test and review of emergency preparedness and response plans for a variety of disasters or emergency situations.
For further consultation or technical assistance from the working group, please contact the Colorado School Safety Resource Center.
- Welcome Letter
- Cover Page
- Table of Contents
- 10 Steps to A Successful Exercise (pdf) (ppt)
- Developing Emergency Exercises Worksheet (pdf) (word)
- Sample Scenarios for each emergency action (pdf) (word)
- Exercise Plan (Ex Plan) Template (pdf) (word)
- Exercise Agenda Template(pdf) (word)
- Master Scenario Events List (MSEL) Template (pdf) (word)
- Exercise Evaluation Guide (EEG) Template (pdf) (word)
- Tabletop Exercise PowerPoint Slides (Sample Exercise) (pdf) (ppt)
- After Action Report Template w/ Improvement Plan Matrix Template (pdf) (word)
- Participant Feedback Form Template (pdf) (word)
- Additional Resources
- Response: Emergency Actions for K-12 Schools (CSSRC: Updated)
- School EOP Exercise Checklist
- Student Reunification Form December 2010 (Adapted with permission from Jefferson County School District)
- This template, which continues to be updated was modeled after the U.S. Department of Education's (2007) four phase model of emergency planning: Prevention/Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery. This model is also in compliance with the Colorado Safe Schools Act CRS 22-32-109.1 which requires each school district to adopt and implement a safe schools plan.
- Comprehensive School Safety Planning: Elements Checklist
These resources are offered as modifiable examples to assist districts and individual schools in safety planning efforts. The Colorado School Safety Resource Center is also available to assist any schools in their safety planning by providing resources, consultation, and technical assistance. Please contact our office 303-239-4435.
- School Crisis Team Roles and Responsibilities within the ICS (pdf)
- CSSRC District ICS Roster (pdf)
- CSSRC Small School ICS Org Chart (pdf)
- CSSRC Small School ICS Roster (pdf)
- CSSRC Large School ICS Org Chart (pdf)
- CSSRC Large School ICS Roster (pdf)
- This modifiable 8-component checklist outlines the recommended requirements of CRS 22-32-109.1 including SB08-181 & SB11-173 (CSSRC | Update July 2018)
Response Materials
A Media Guide on the Reporting of School Tragedies
(Created by CSSRC)
- This guide summarizes the copy cat effect that media coverage can have on suicides and school shootings. Tips for covering school tragedies responsibly are presented.
(Created by CSSRC)
- As part of a collaborative work group effort, and recently approved by the advisory board of the CSSRC, it is recommended that K-12 schools have protocols for five basic emergency actions to help ensure safety of all individuals on school site in the event of an actual emergency or for various crisis situations: lockdown, lockout (secured building), shelter-in-place (including weather shelter), evacuation, and a protocol for release and reunification of students to reunite them with parents/caregivers after an event.
- The document is intended as guidance to Colorado schools and recommends consultation and development of protocols with community emergency responders, customizing procedures as needed for individual school sites and developing plans for students and staff with special needs. In addition key messages include that all staff and students be trained through drill and practice, parents informed of protocols, and that schools review plans after all drills and actual events.
(Created by CSSRC | August 2018)
- List of recommended materials for classrooms and administrators to maintain as "Go Kits," readily accessible, self-contained, portable stockpiles of emergency supplies.
(Created by CSSRC)
- A checklist of considerations for responding to a school crisis event.